Osteopenia is a health condition that starts when you lose bone mass and get weaker bones. It happens when the inner bones become brittle from calcium loss. It is a common health problem with aging. The complete bone mass peaks when you reach 35. People who get osteopenia are at a higher risk of getting osteoporosis.
Causes of Osteopenia
Table of Contents
Osteopenia has different causes. The first cause is failure to reach a person’s peak bone mass, which is the highest amount of bone an individual is genetically programmed to develop in her lifetime. Peak bone mass is generally reached by age of 20 in males and 30 in females. The second cause is bone loss once an individual reaches peak bone mass. Some diseases stop calcium from being absorbed into the bone, including inflammatory bowel problems. Celiac disease, and eating troubles, may keep youngsters from getting their peak bone mass. Genetic factors, like osteoporosis or predisposition, can also make someone with comparatively low bone density. Also, some medicines and lifestyle habits like drinking, smoking, and more alcohol can negatively strike bone mass accrual.
On the other hand, a spectrum is a person who has healthy bone mass but losing it. It happens when you are aging, menopause (when losing estrogen). Osteopenia in this female may reach a nadir before the bone loss gets osteoporosis.
Symptoms of Osteopenia
Image SourceOsteoporosis and Osteopenia do not lead to mobility issues or pain on their own. It makes it difficult to understand if a person has either condition. A typical sign is height loss. Most people lose a percentage of one inch of height as they age from their peak adult height, but getting more loss is a sign of an underlying bone quality problem. Broken bones or fractures are the main sign that there may be skeletal bone irregularity. If an adult above 50 falls from a standing height and breaks a bone density test should be performed to screen for osteoporosis and osteopenia. Even those people experiencing osteopenia can be at fractures risk.
Diagnosing Osteopenia
Image SourceThe best way to have a diagnosis of osteopenia is by testing bone density. This test uses low-energy x-rays to check the calcium content of an individual’s bones and compare it to that of both healthy adults (t-score) and people of a similar age and gender (z-score). Most commonly, bone density tests examine the lumbar spine, wrist, and hips.
Osteopenia: Prevention and Treatment
Image SourceIt is not possible to stop osteopenia. Some individuals are genetically predisposed to get low bone density. But even for them, working out and getting sufficient dietary calcium during the childhood, adolescent, and young adult years is essential. For females, making sure they are menstruating normally is an important sign that they make sufficient estrogen, which is a hormone necessary to bone health.
Limiting alcohol and cigarettes is also necessary for developing and managing strong bones.
Once people age at which they reach their peak bone mass, around 20 for females and 30 for females, a healthy, and calcium-rich diet is still necessary. Weight-bearing workouts like walking, running, and weightlifting can also help to manage muscle and bone strength.
Even if you cannot stop osteopenia, you may be able to prevent it from turning into osteoporosis. Keeping yourself active and doing a weight-bearing workout is important. Hormone therapy within 10-years of the final menstrual period has been clinically proven to stop osteoporosis and lower fracture risk. The use of hormone therapy strictly for osteoporosis and bone health prevention is FDA approved.
Follow-up bone density testing can also help to assure osteopenia is managed appropriately. If a bone density test indicates osteopenia, the test should be repeated for 2-years to monitor for changes and make for intervention before the situation deteriorates further.
Treatments for osteopenia depend on an individual. The first step is to get if the individual is at high risk for fracture, in which some bone health medication is prescribed to stop bone breakdown and develop the skeleton back up as much as possible.
For everyone with osteopenia, eating foods with rich calcium is necessary, adding some dairy products, dark green leafy, fish, and vegetables. Vitamin D is also essential, but it is harder to get from diet. A vitamin D supplement can help.
How Diet Influences Osteopenia
Image SourceOsteopenia is a step before osteoporosis sets. It is not a health problem. How an individual falls prey to osteopenia is largely determined by the food. Eating a diet rich in vitamin D and calcium, doing weight-bearing workouts to strengthen the bones, and skipping foods that affect the absorptions of calcium will help bone density.
According to health experts, since the last century, people have changed from dairy products, vegetables, and fruits to more grains, meats, and processed foods.
Osteopenia: Sample Diet Plan
Early Morning
Drink one glass of warm water with one tablespoon of honey.Â
Breakfast: Options
Eat calcium-fortified protein powder and milk
or toast with a poached egg.
Lunch: Options
Baked salmon or collard greens salad
Figs, spinach, and ricotta cheese salad
Post Lunch:
1-cup yogurt
Evening Snack
Eat calcium-fortified orange juice or 4-almonds.
Dinner: Options
Eat veggies and grilled sardines
Broccoli soup
Eat carrot, beetroot, cottage cheese, peas, with 2-wheat flour flatbread.
Bed Time
Consume 1-glass of warm milk
Why This Works?
The foods given in this sample diet provide rich calcium, vitamin K, vitamin D, and other micronutrients. Ideally, it would help to stick with homemade foods. One glass of milk before bedtime will not prevent osteopenia but help with sound sleep.
Foods To Eat
Osteopenia: Sample Diet – Foods To Eat
Image SourceThe everyday consumption of food can be categorized as acidic and alkaline. The following foods may help to reverse bone loss and benefits calcium in the bones:
- Sardines with bones
- Ricotta cheese
- Low-fat yogurt
- Almonds
- Tofu processed (with calcium salts)
- Collard greens
- Milk (Choose soy milk if you are lactose intolerant)
- Navy beans
- Pinto beans
- Broccoli
- Orange juice (fortified with calcium)
- Turnip greens
- Dried figs
- Kale
- Spinach
Even though this food provides rich calcium, vitamin D is also important for the body. You can have adequate vitamin D from sunlight and foods containing rich sunshine vitamins. Spend your 10 minutes in sunlight with your skin exposed.
Get only early morning sunlight for the body to take vitamin D. During winter time eats foods rich in vitamin D to prevent its deficiency. Adding egg yolks, cheese, cereals, and orange juice with vitamin D should be included in the diet.
Foods To Avoid
Image SourceHere is the food that interferes with the absorption of calcium. Oxalates and phytates have the potential to do this, therefore combine such foods with calcium-rich foods.
For example, do not combine cheese with spinach or beans as it has oxalate. Sweet potatoes, spinach, and beans provide oxalate, while nuts, whole wheat bran, and beans are high with phytates. Also, stop drinking soda or coffee as they consist of caffeine that interferes with calcium absorption. Drink coffee other times than breakfast. For example, have breakfast and wait for one hour to drink coffee.
Osteoporosis: 7-Day Diet Plan
Here is another diet plan of 7-days for Osteoporosis. Always take your physician’s advice before starting any diet plan.
Day 1
Image SourceBreakfast
Consume 8-ounce of orange juice containing vitamin D and calcium.
Have one cup of a whole-grain cereal rich in vitamin D.
4 ounces milk
Lunch
Eat 2.5 ounces of ground beef (extra lean) with a whole-grain bun, which may also include one slice of non-fat American cheese, two red tomato slices, and one lettuce leaf, and two red tomato slices.
Eat a salad with one hard-boiled egg and two tbsp. Use olive oil dressing with 8-ounces of whole milk rich in calcium and almond milk without sugar.
Snack
- Eat one orange
- Have calcium and protein-rich snack with greek yogurt, cottage cheese, string cheese.
Dinner
- 1 cup broccoli
- 2.5-ounce chicken breast
- Eat 2-slices French bread and one tsp butter Or 3/4 cup rice
- Eat one cup of strawberries and two tbsp. yogurt or whipped cream.
Day 2
Image SourceBreakfast
- Eat one slice of whole-grain toast with avocado or peanut butter.
- 1 apple
- Eat eight ounces of calcium-rich orange juice or 4-ounces milk.
Lunch
- vegetarian chili
- Eat salad and one hard-boiled egg.
- Eat ricotta, frozen yogurt, or cottage cheese
Snack
- Eat sliced fruit or berries with yogurt
Dinner
Eat pasta primavera with grilled chicken, whole grain pasta, yellow squash, carrots, zucchini, and cherry tomatoes, with olive oil dressing.
Eat tomato salad, avocado, and cucumber.
Have raspberries with frozen yogurt.
Day 3
Image SourceBreakfast
Eat slow-cooked oatmeal made with milk and added nuts.
Lunch
Eat a falafel pita sandwich with lettuce, cucumber, and tomato
Have one slice of watermelon
Snack
Eat one apple, orange, banana, or one serving of strawberries
or yogurt with almond, pumpkin seeds, peanut butter, or cheese stick.
Dinner
Eat a fajita burrito with lean steak, or chicken, onions with whole-grain tortilla, or bell peppers.
Cabbage or green salad topped with avocado or cheese.
Day 4
Image SourceBreakfast
Eat scrambled tofu with vegetables like sugar snap peas, spinach, and bell peppers.
Eat oven-roasted potatoes with shredded cheese sprinkle.
Lunch
Eat whole wheat wrap with grated carrots, red pepper hummus, and tomato.
Eat one apple or banana
Snack
Eat fruit smoothie mixed with milk, yogurt, non-dairy substitute like soy with rich calcium.
Dinner
Eat grilled chicken sauteed with asparagus, zucchini, and mushrooms
Corn on the cob
Day 5
Image SourceBreakfast
Eat one small banana
4-ounces of soy milk
Eat sliced strawberries with wholegrain cereal
Lunch
Have Thai soup with mushrooms, spinach, and protein either with chicken or tofu, or shrimp.
Bean dip and carrot with celery or carrots for dipping
Green salad with basil and tomatoes.
Snack
Eat greek yogurt parfait with nuts, and chopped fruits.
Dinner
Eat whole-grain spaghetti or chickpea pasta with shrimp, or grilled chicken, or lead ground turkeys with vegetables like grated carrots, chopped onions, and diced broccoli.
Eat calcium-rich desserts like pudding with milk, frozen yogurt, or ricotta
sprinkled with honey.
Day 6
Image SourceBreakfast
Eat whole-grain pancakes with cottage cheese or yogurt and fresh fruit topping.
Eat one small and low sodium veggies or sausage of lean turkey
Eat 4 ounces milk or calcium-rich orange juice
Lunch
Eat bean or vegetable soup with dollop greek yogurt, or shredded cheese, or sour cream.
Eat corn salad and black bean with red peppers
Eat one orange, banana, or one apple
Snack
Eat low-fat cheese – 4 cubes
Eat whole-grain crisps or crackers
Dinner
Whole wheat lasagna with spinach and low-fat cheese
Eat a green salad with any vegetables you like
Day 7
Image SourceBreakfast
Eat quiche or omelet with tomato, cheese, spinach, and other vegetables
Eat eight ounces of milk or juice
Lunch
Eat whole-grain bun burger with 4-6 ounce salmon
Eat roasted broccoli, cabbage slaw, green salad
Snack
Eat some unsalted almonds
Have milk pudding or rice pudding with low-fat milk
Dinner
Eat nachos with a topping of avocado, kidney beans, and low-fat cheese
Have Greek salad and feta cheese
Role Of Exercise
Image SourceOsteoporosis causes lower bone mass, which may lead to osteoporosis if a decent diet and exercise routine are not followed. If you are diagnosed with osteopenia, take your fitness expert advice to understand how to train your bones to develop bone mass without any injury.
The best workout to improve your bones strength and bone mass are running, stairs running, walking, biking, weight-bearing, push-ups, yoga, and squats with weight.
Lifestyle
Stay Active
Image SourceKeep yourself active to prevent diseases. Regular exercise helps to increase your metabolism rate, which in turn benefits your complete health. Like this, you can prevent bone and muscle loss, heart disease, eye problems, digestion problems, and skin disorders.
Eat Healthily
Eating healthy makes your body happy when you consume healthily and offer it with enough amount of minerals, vitamins, protein, carbs, fats. The body responds likewise and keeps you energetic. Concentration improves, you will add extra fat and also increase immunity. Consuming green leafy vegetables and protein and reduce processed foods consumption.
Avoid Stress
Image SourceStress causes harmful oxygen radical formation. Oxygen radicals affect the fats, DNA, and proteins in the body. Therefore, stress may induce a host of health problems that will cause weakness. Skip stressful situations, listen to your favorite music, get some me time, and join a hobby class. These small changes help to de-stress you.
Get Good Sleep
Image SourceAfter doing a workout for bone strength, your body needs enough rest to recover and restore. It is important to take 7-8 hours of sleep to improve health.
This diet plan was taken from recommendations from the Academy-of-Nutrition-and-Dietetics, in the book “Building Bone Vitality: A new diet plant to stop bone loss and the managing osteoporosis, and the  International-Osteoporosis-Foundation, which provide many bone-friendly recipes.
Benefits Of Osteopenia Diet
Image Source- Increase bone mass and strength
- Improves immunity.
Dos & Don’ts
Dos
eat foods rich in vitamin D and calcium
Do regular workout
Get sun exposure daily for 10 minutes in the mornings.
Talk to your doctor before taking up the diet plan. Avoid straining yourself.
Don’ts
Avoid processed foods
Avoid lazy lifestyle
Do not awake later at night